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ElQarar Journal for Peer-Reviewed Scientific Research | Issue 34, Vol 12, Year 3 | October 2026 | Jumada Al Oula 1448

ElQarar Journal for Peer-Reviewed Scientific Research

1

Authors: Prof. Dr. / Borhan Elddine ElKhatib

Transformations in Law and Politics in the Digital Age: Challenges of Protecting Rights and Building Justice and Stability

Research Category: Editorial

Language: Arabic Pages: 16–17

2

Authors: Prof. Dr. / Borhan eddien Hassan El Khatib

Sovereign Transformations Between Law and Technology

Research Category: Editorial

Language: Arabic Pages: 16–17

3

Authors: Prof. Dr. Borhan Eddine El Khatib

Geopolitical Shifts in the Middle East: Implications for Lebanon’s Institutional Structures and the Role of Scientific Research in Their Analysis

Research Category: Editorial

Language: Arabic Pages: 17–18

4

Authors: Prof. Dr. / Borhan Elddien El Khatin

The Diversity of Scientific Research and the Integration of Approaches in Facing Contemporary Challenges

Research Category: Editorial

Language: Arabic Pages: 17–18

5

Authors: Prof. Dr / Hadia Alchami(1) , Dr / Abbas Bassar(2)

The Role of Peaceful Means in Addressing Domestic Violence: Between Legal Prohibitions and the Requirements of Human Rights Protection

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 18–61

6

Authors: Hassan Hamid Ibrahim

The Concept of the Regional System and Its Elements: A Theoretical Introduction to the Study of the Arab Regional System after 2000

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 18–39

7

Authors: Prof. Dr. Borhan El-Dien Hassan El Khatib

Political Systems and Administrative Organization: A Comparative Study of Institutional Structures and Administrative Efficiency

Research Category: Public Administration

Language: Arabic Pages: 19–49

8

Authors: Dr. Daad Nassif Al-Qazi

«La discrimination envers les femmes dans la législation libanaise: une étude comparative»

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 33–53

9

Authors: Dr. / Ziad Atef Achour

Reconstructing the Concept of Public Service in Lebanese Law on the Dual Foundations of Rights and the Will of Public Authorities: The Case of Missing Persons

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 40–63

10

Authors: Prof. Dr. Mohammad Hani Farhat

The adecuacy of traditional criminal laws in addressing cybercrimes

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 50–65

11

Authors: Maher Ahmad El Jannoun

Preventive control of economic dismissals in light of the employment protection plan (PSE) and the limits of the sanction of nullity

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 54–80

12

Authors: Judge / Arafat Shamseddine

The Res Judicata Effect of Judicial Judgments as a Prerequisite for a Conflict of Decisions – An Analytical Study on the Degrees of Binding Force and Their Procedural Effects

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 62–79

13

Authors: Dr. Ali Abdullah Sayed

The international protective framework against the crime of torture

Research Category: International Relations

Language: Arabic Pages: 66–93

14

Authors: Prof. Dr / Mohammad Hani Farhat

Justice or Deterrence? A Philosophical Reading of the Purpose of Punishment in Lebanese Penal Law

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 80–100

15

Authors: Rachid Ali Zeaiter

The procedural legal basis for holding perpetrators of war crimes accountable before international courts

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 81–104

16

Authors: Loubna Hassan Abou Esber

Parliamentary and Governmental Roles in the Law-Making Process in Lebanon

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 94–113

17

Authors: Diaa Hussein Obeid

Effectiveness of Civil Remedies in Self-Executing Smart Contracts: A Comparative Analytical Study in Light of Blockchain Technology

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 99–114

18

Authors: Ali Rida Mislmani

Protection of The Secrecy of Communications and the Legal Boundaries of Surveillance

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 101–115

19

Authors: Dr. / Nabil Mohamad Kobrosli

Media Crimes of Defamation and Insult within the Framework of Post-Publication Control

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 105–121

20

Authors: Abd El Rahman Eid

Legal Guarantees for the Integrity of Elections in Democratic Systems (An Analytical Study in Light of the Rule of Law Principle)

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 114–131

21

Authors: Hamad Ali M. A. Al Sowaidi

Artificial Intelligence Sovereignty and Technological Dependency

Research Category: Artificial Intelligence · Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 115–130

22

Authors: Alaa Hicham Kanj

The Obligations of a Witness in Judicial Proceedings: Criminal Liability or Legal Duty? (A Comparative Study)

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 116–142

23

Authors: Osama El-Helbawi

Innovative Management and Artificial Intelligence in Urban Project Management: An Analytical Study of the Impact of Technology on Delivery Efficiency and Decision-Making

Research Category: Public Administration

Language: Arabic Pages: 122–136

24

Authors: Prof. Dr. Borhan Edien El Khatib

Scientific Approaches in Law, Society, and Education: Understanding the Issues of the State and the Human

Research Category: Editorial

Language: Arabic Pages: 134–135

25

Authors: Dr. Hissni SLEIMAN

LE DROIT PENAL ORDINAIRE ET LE DROIT PENAL MILITAIRE LIBANAIS «En conflit ou en harmonisation»

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 136–173

26

Authors: Haifa Monir Jaber

The Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Centers in Enhancing Recovery from Drug Addiction: A field Study on Services and Challenges in Selected Rehabilitation Centers in lebanon

Research Category: Economic Sociology

Language: Arabic Pages: 137–165

27

Authors: Ahmad Hussein Obeid

Responsibility of Sports Federations for the Protection of Minor Athletes’ Rights:An Applied Study on Sports Clubs in Lebanon

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 143–159

28

Authors: Racha Ghassan Zarif

The Chinese Global Governance Initiative: An Initiative to Reform the Existing International System?

Research Category: Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 152–171

29

Authors: Alissar Ali Sharanek

Legal Protection of Children in the Digital Environment in Lebanon: A Legal Approach in Light of the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 160–173

30

Authors: Prof. Dr. / Borhan eddien El Khatib

Legal and Political Transformations in the Era of Crises and Digital Transformation

Research Category: Editorial

Language: Arabic Pages: 168–169

31

Authors: Dr. / Nabil Mohamad Kobrosli

Judicial Review over Media Crimes in Lebanese Law: Balancing Freedom of Expression and the Safeguarding of Civil Peace

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 170–192

32

Authors: Dr. / Assem Farouk Abderahman

From the Republics of the Sects to the Taif State : Pathways of Transformation in Lebanon’s Political Structure

Research Category: Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 172–202

33

Authors: Abd El Rahman Eid

The Role of Administrative Justice in Protecting Public Rights and Freedoms in the Modern State (An Analytical Study in Light of the Rule of Law Principle)

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 174–194

34

Authors: Hania Helweh

Les critères d’appréciation judiciaire de la preuve électronique devant les juridictions pénales

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 174–195

35

Authors: Maher Ahmad El Jannoun

The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on the Principle of the Continuity of the Employment Contract

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 193–220

36

Authors: Haifa Monir Jaber

The Role of Rehabilitation Centers in Building Supportive and Partner Families in the Treatment of a Family Member’s Drug Addiction

Research Category: Economic Sociology

Language: Arabic Pages: 195–208

37

Authors: Hayder Mustafa Mhawes Alsubaih

The Nature of Political and Security Conflicts in Iraq After 2017 and a Strategy for Achieving National Interests

Research Category: Arab Politics · Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 196–222

38

Authors: Nabil Ali El Khatib

The educational development of humankind between obedience and disobedience In the story of Adam and Iblis: An analytical study

Research Category: Educational Administration

Language: Arabic Pages: 209–224

39

Authors: Reem El-Ali

The Legal Foundations Governing Electronic Public Procurement

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 221–249

40

Authors: Dr. / Boutar Ould Eslekou

Suspension of Membership in the African Union and Military Coups: Mali and Mauritania as Case Studies

Research Category: Arab Politics · Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 223–239

41

Authors: Ali Haidar Khalife

Sports Diplomacy Between the Reproduction of Power and the Symbolic Representation of Power Balances (Ping Pong Diplomacy as a Case Study)

Research Category: International Relations

Language: Arabic Pages: 225–250

42

Authors: Prof. Dr. / Borhan eddine El Khatib

Contemporary Issues: Between the Stakes of Development and the Challenges of Justice and Cybersecurity

Research Category: Editorial

Language: Arabic Pages: 242–243

43

Authors: Hassan Hamid Ibrahim

Arab Economic Integration and Its Role in Achieving Sustainable Development in the Face of Climate Challenges

Research Category: Economics and Finance · Sustainable Development

Language: Arabic Pages: 244–267

44

Authors: Dr. / Nisrine Hussein Nasser El Dine , Dr / Batoul Hassan Kaafarani

la Responsabilité Civile des Créateurs de Contenu Numérique Influents (the Influencers)

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 250–282

45

Authors: Prof. Dr. / Borhan El Dein hassan El Khatib

The Digital Space Between Cybercrime Threats and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Challenges

Research Category: Editorial

Language: Arabic Pages: 253–254

46

Authors: Ali Akram Yaghi

Women and the Family in the Western Worldview and International Conventions

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 255–278

47

Authors: Nadine Adel Chams

The Evolution of Criminal Courts from Early Tribunals to the ICC

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 268–287

48

Authors: Abbas Hasan Ali Al-Kaabi

International Criminal Justice and its Role in Prosecuting International Crimes: A Study in Jurisdiction and Procedures

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 279–300

49

Authors: Ghada Fouad Haddad

Remote Work Between General Law Provisions and Private Regulation: Legal Transformations and Practical Challenges

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 283–306

50

Authors: Cynthia Hanna

Artificial intelligence and cybersecurity

Research Category: Artificial Intelligence · Cybersecurity and Cybercrimes · Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 288–308

51

Authors: Osama Saleh Abdel Mahdi

Digital Evidence in Cybercrimes

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 301–323

52

Authors: Madeleine Ali Sabra

International Criminal Responsibility for Crimes Committed Against Children During Armed Conflicts

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 309–32

53

Authors: Ali Houssein Nazha

The Shift in U.S. Foreign Policy: From Unilateral Hegemony to International Engagement (2000–2017)

Research Category: International Relations · Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 323–342

54

Authors: Mostafa Mohammad Hussein Al Doujaili

The legal framework for protecting privacy in the digital environment

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 324–340

55

Authors: Ali Haider khalifeh

The Role of Transitional Justice Mechanisms in Promoting Human Rights and Building the Rule of Law in Post-Conflict Societies

Research Category: International Relations · Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 325–345

56

Authors: Dr. / Mohammad Ibrahim Assi , Prof. Dr. / Adel Khalifa

The Death Penalty between Sharia, Arab Legislations, and International Law

Research Category: International Relations · Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 343–367

57

Authors: Prof. Dr. Borhan Eldien El Khatib

From Emerging Technologies and Market Protection to the Complexities of International Justice and Policies

Research Category: Editorial

Language: Arabic Pages: 348–349

58

Authors: Cynthia Hanna

The Repercussions of Artificial Intelligence on Pathways of Economic Growth and Productivity

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 350–367

59

Authors: Dr. / Mohammad Ibrahim Assi , Prof. Dr. / Adel Khalifa

The Arab region: from Sykes-Picot to the new Middle East

Research Category: Arab Politics

Language: Arabic Pages: 366–394

60

Authors: Rima Ahmad Hasan

The Impact of Acquirer’s Abuse of Dominance on Competition Protection

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 368–385

61

Authors: Prof. Dr. Borhan Eddien El Khatib

Contemporary Legal and Financial Issues and Justice Challenges in the Digital Era

Research Category: Editorial

Language: Arabic Pages: 370–371

62

Authors: Dr. / Oussama Tawfiq Mouchaimeche

Auditing and Its Role in Reducing Misstatements and Fraud in Financial Statements: A Field Study Applied to a Sample of Internal and External Auditors Working in Accounting and Audit Firms in South Lebanon

Research Category: Economics and Finance

Language: Arabic Pages: 372–398

63

Authors: Hussein Ali Rizk

Balancing Hard Power and Soft Diplomacy: Leveraging Strategic Depth in Iranian Negotiations

Research Category: International Relations · Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 385–406

64

Authors: Ali Haidar Khalife

The 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar as a Soft Power Instrument: A Study of the Role of Sports Diplomacy in Enhancing Qatar’s International Standing and Advancing Its Development Goals

Research Category: Arabian Gulf · youth and sports

Language: Arabic Pages: 395–420

65

Authors: Ghada Fouad Haddad

Confronting Legislative Gaps While Preserving Fair Trial Guarantees

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 399–424

66

Authors: Abbas abdel moneim kabalan

The crisis of shaping the political system in Lebanon and the repercussions of internal conflicts on the constitutional framework

Research Category: Lebanon · Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 407–428

67

Authors: Mahmoud Mohammed Faysal El Othman

Establishing the Concept of Justice in the Face of International Criminal Crimes

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 425–448

68

Authors: Ould youcef Mouloud

A reading in the International Criminal Court’s handling of the case of Russian Aggression against Ukraine: Prioritizing Political Interests at the Expense of the ICC’s Effectiveness

Research Category: International Relations · Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 429–447

69

Authors: Osama Saleh Abdul-Mahdi

Legal Challenges in Combating Cybercrime

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 449–471

70

Authors: Dr. / Ziad Fawaz Daher

Israeli Violations of International Resolutions and the Genocide in Gaza: A Case Study

Research Category: Arab Politics · Political Science

Language: Arabic Pages: 472–512

71

Authors: Nabil Ali El Khatib

Educational Seclusion and the Role of Youth in the Story of “The People of the Cave”: Contemporary Pedagogical Implications

Research Category: Educational Administration

Language: Arabic Pages: 513–529

72

Authors: Prof. Dr. / Borhan Eddine El Khatib

Despite the Challenges, We Continue to Support Scientific Research According to International Standards

Research Category: Editorial

Language: Arabic Pages: 829–830

73

Authors: Ola Talal Al-Masry

The Financial Intermediation Contract between Legal Foundations and Digital Transformation

Research Category: Law

Language: Arabic Pages: 831–857

Researcher Institutions

Institutions Represented in Published Research

Islamic University of Lebanon Author affiliation in published research

37 Published Articles

Lebanese University Author affiliation in published research

24 Published Articles

Beirut Arab University Author affiliation in published research

4 Published Articles

Paris graduate school- franceAuthor affiliation in published research

3 Published Articles

University College of Da’wahAuthor affiliation in published research

2 Published Articles