Law

The Evolution of Criminal Courts from Early Tribunals to the ICC

Law
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Authors

Name: Nadine Adel Chams | Country: Lebanese Republic
Department / Fine Specialization: Political and Administrative Sciences / Political Science
Institution / University: Doctoral School of Law, Political, Administrative & Economic Sciences / Lebanese University
📧 nadine.chamess@gmail.com 0009-0001-5843-5096

Abstract

The international criminal justice system went through unprecedented development following the establishment of the Tokyo and Nuremberg tribunals for the trial of “World War II war criminals”. It passed through various experiences and initiatives—most notably special and hybrid criminal tribunals—ultimately leading to the creation of an international criminal court, an achievement considered as a monumental judicial milestone. This Court has established rigorous principles—such as individual criminal liability—and rests on a solid foundation for prosecuting perpetrators of serious violations against humanity, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and the crime of aggression. While the Court plays a deterrent role on the international stage, it does not cancel the important role of national courts, which bear the primary responsibility for prosecuting offenders within their own jurisdictions; consequently, it serves as a court of last resort in instances where states fail to fulfill their obligations or voluntarily request assistance from the International Criminal Court.
Keywords: ICC, terrorism, justice, criminal courts, Rome statute
Research Language: Arabic
How to cite:
ElQarar Journal for Peer-Reviewed Scientific Research, Vol. 11, Issue 32, Year (3), pp. 268-287.
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⚖️ Conflict of Interest:

The author declare no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this research.

💰 Funding:

This study did not receive any financial support or grant from any public, private, or non-profit entity.

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