ElQarar Journal for Peer-Reviewed Scientific Research | Issue 22, Vol 8, Year 2 | October 2025

№	Author(s)	Title	Sections	Page	Download	Language
–	Prof. Dr. Borhan Eddine El Khatib	Editorial	Editorial	17		AR
1-	Doha Rachid El Hajjar	Risk Management in Lebanese SMEs: A Study of Monetary Shock Mitigation Strategies	Accounting & Finance	19		EN
2-	Ali Mohamad Ali Chamsedine	Kurds in the context of Integration and autonomy “Syria and Iraq”	politics	41		EN
3-	Dr. / Jinan Ahmad Al Toufaily1 – Dr. / Ghada Adel Houbballah2	Geopolitical conflict in space (USA and China)	politics	57		EN
4-	Rasha Mohammad Saleh	Sudan between Partition and Soft Colonialism: Plundered Resources, Media Obfuscation, Normalization, and Citizen Exclusion	politics	95		AR
5-	Mohammad Hussein El-Bazzal	Smart Warfare and the Transformation of Military Decision-Making	politics	108		AR
6-	Bahaa Nadhim Hassan	The Crime of Intellectual Terrorism in Iraqi and Egyptian Legislation	Law	133		AR
7-	Zahraa Hussein Ibrahim	The Legal Implications of Determining the Moment of Birth	Law	154		AR
8-	Moudar Zahed Hmedeh	Procedural Mechanisms of Legislative Oversight over Public Funds	Law	180		AR
9-	Gerios Hanna El Najjar	Protecting Computer Programs between Literary Property and Industrial Property	Law	203		AR
10-	Hawraa Hussein Kawtharani	The Legal Nature of Disputes in International Electronic Commerce Contracts	Law	215		AR
11-	Diana khoder El-Kheir	International Arbitration as an Alternative to International Justice (Jurisdictional Means of International Dispute Resolution)	Law	232		EN